Chapter 3.2, Verses 9–17

Yoga Vashishtha 3.2.9–17

(Dialogue between Death and Yama, the Lord of Death, exploring the metaphysical nature of life, death, and the role of karma.)

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।

अथागत्य यमं मृत्युरपृच्छत्संशयच्छिदम्।

किमित्यहं न शक्नोमि भोक्तुमाकाशजं विभो ॥ ९ ॥

यम उवाच ।

मृत्यो न किंचिच्छक्तस्त्वमेको मारयितुं बलात् ।

मारणीयस्य कर्माणि तत्कर्तृणीति नेतरत् ॥ १० ॥

तस्मादेतस्य विप्रस्य मारणीयस्य यत्नतः।

कर्माण्यन्विष्य तेषां त्वं साहाय्येनैनमत्स्यसि ॥ ११ ॥

ततः स मृत्युर्बभ्राम तत्कर्मान्वेषणादृतः ।

मण्डलानि दिगन्तांश्च सरांसि सरितो दिशः ॥ १२ ॥

वनजङ्गलजालानि शैलानब्धितटानि च।

द्वीपान्तराण्यरण्यानि नगराणि पुराणि च ॥ १३ ॥

ग्रामाण्यखिलराष्ट्राणि देशान्तर्गहनानि च ।

एवं भूमण्डलं भ्रान्त्वा न कुतश्चित्स कानिचित् ॥ १४ ॥

तान्याकाशजकर्माणि लब्धवान्मृत्युरुद्यतः ।

वन्ध्यापुत्रमिव प्राज्ञः संकल्पाद्रिमिवापरः ॥ १५ ॥

समपृच्छदथागत्य यमं सर्वार्थकोविदम् ।

परायणं हि प्रभवः संदेहेष्वनुजीविनाम् ॥ १६ ॥

मृत्युरुवाच ।

आकाशजस्य कर्माणि क्व स्थितानि वद प्रभो ।

धर्मराजोऽथ संचिन्त्य सुचिरं प्रोक्तवानिदम् ॥ १७ ॥

Sage Vasishta said: 

3.2.9: Then, Death approached Yama, the dispeller of doubts, and asked, "O Lord, why am I unable to consume (take the life of) this being born of space?"

Yama replied: 

3.2.10: O Death, you alone are not capable of forcibly taking the life of any Being. The actions (karma) of the one to be killed determine the doer (the one who can cause death), not otherwise.

3.2.11: Therefore, diligently seek out the actions (karma) of this Sage who is to be killed, and with the aid of those actions, you will be able to overpower him.

3.2.12: Thereupon, Death roamed about, intent on searching for the Sage’s actions, traversing regions, directions, lakes, rivers, and all quarters.

3.2.13: He wandered through forests, jungles, mountains, ocean shores, islands, wildernesses, cities, and towns.

3.2.14: He roamed the entire earth, including villages, kingdoms, and hidden regions within countries, but nowhere could he find any trace of those actions.

3.2.15: Death, despite his efforts, could not find the actions of the Sage born of space, just as a wise person cannot find the son of a barren woman or another cannot find a mountain of imagination.

3.2.16: Then, returning, Death asked Yama, who is all-Knowing in matters of Truth, for he is the ultimate refuge for those seeking resolution of doubts.

Death asked Yama:

3.2.17: "Tell me my lord, where the acts of the Air-born Brahman are to be found;" to which Yama after a long head-work, replied as follows.

Summary of the Teachings:

The verses from Yoga Vasishta 3.2.9 to 3.2.17 present a profound dialogue between Death (Mrityu) and Yama, the lord of death, exploring the metaphysical nature of life, death, and the role of karma. This passage is set within the broader narrative of the Yoga Vasishta, a philosophical text that emphasizes the illusory nature of the world and the supremacy of Consciousness. Here, Death is perplexed by his inability to take the life of a Sage described as “born of space” (ākāśaja), indicating a Being of Pure Consciousness, free from the bindings of ordinary existence. Death’s question to Yama reflects a deeper inquiry into why certain beings seem beyond his grasp, setting the stage for a teaching on the interplay between karma, individual agency, and Realization.

Yama’s response in verses 3.2.10 and 3.2.11 introduces a key philosophical principle: Death is not an independent force but operates within the framework of karma. No being can be killed unless their accumulated actions (karma) permit it. This underscores the deterministic role of karma in governing life and death, suggesting that even a Cosmic force like Death is subordinate to the law of cause and effect. Yama instructs Death to search for the Sage’s karma, implying that only through the presence of actionable karma can Death fulfill his role. This teaching challenges the notion of death as an arbitrary or autonomous power and instead positions it as an executor of cosmic justice, bound by the individual’s past actions.

In verses 3.2.12 to 3.2.14, Death’s futile search across the earth—covering regions, forests, mountains, oceans, and human settlements—highlights the exceptional nature of the Sage. The Sage, described as “born of space,” is likely a Realized Being or one who has transcended the cycle of karma. The absence of traceable karma signifies that the Sage has no residual actions binding him to the material world, rendering him immune to Death’s influence. This search serves as a metaphor for the futility of seeking worldly causes for a Being who has Realized the Ultimate Truth, emphasizing the yogic ideal of Realization through the dissolution of ego and karma.

Verse 3.2.15 deepens this teaching by comparing Death’s failure to find the Sage’s karma to the impossibility of finding “the son of a barren woman” or an “imaginary mountain.” These metaphors illustrate the non-existence of karma in a Realized Being, as their actions are not rooted in attachment or desire but in Pure Consciousness. The Sage’s State of Being “born of space” suggests a formless, boundless existence, akin to the Ultimate Reality (Brahm) in Vedantic philosophy. This verse reinforces the idea that Realization is the transcendence of all dualities, including life and death, achieved through the Knowledge that the Self is not bound by material or temporal constraints.

Finally, verses 3.2.16–17 show Death returning to Yama, acknowledging him as the Ultimate authority on Truth and the resolver of doubts. This act of seeking guidance underscores the importance of Wisdom and surrender to Higher Knowledge in resolving existential questions. The passage collectively teaches that Freedom is attained by transcending karma through Self-Realization, rendering one immune to the cycles of birth and death. It invites reflection on the Nature of Existence, urging the seeker to move beyond the material world and recognize the Self as Pure Consciousness, free from the grasp of Death and the illusions of samsara.

Chapter 3.2, Verses 1–8

Yoga Vashishtha 3.2.1–8

(Story of profound beauty and transformative power)

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।

इदमाकाशजाख्यानं श्रृणु श्रवणभूषणम् ।

उत्पत्त्याख्यं प्रकरणं येन राघव बुध्यसे ॥ १ ॥

अस्ति ह्याकाशजो नाम द्विजः परमधार्मिकः ।

ध्यानैकनिष्ठः सततं प्रजानां च हिते रतः ॥ २ ॥

स चिरं जीवति यदा तदा मृत्युरचिन्तयत्।

सर्वाण्येव क्रमेणाह भूतान्यद्मि किलाक्षयः ॥ ३ ॥

एनमाकाशजं विप्रं न कस्माद्भक्षयाम्यहम् ।

अत्र मे कुण्ठिता शक्तिः खङ्गधारा इवोपले ॥ ४ ॥

इति संचिन्त्य तं हन्तुमगच्छत्तत्पुरं तदा।

त्यजन्त्युद्यममुद्युक्ता न स्वकर्माणि केचन ॥ ५ ॥

ततस्तत्सदनं यावन्मृत्युः प्रविशति स्वयम् ।

तावदेनं दहत्यग्निः कल्पान्तज्वलनोपमः ॥ ६ ॥

अग्निज्वालामहामालां विदार्यान्तर्गतो ह्यसौ ।

द्विजं दृष्ट्वा समादातुं हस्तेनैच्छत्प्रयत्नतः ॥ ७ ॥

नचाशकत्पुरो दृष्टमपि हस्तशतैर्द्विजम् ।

बलवानप्यवष्टब्धुं संकल्पपुरुषं यथा ॥ ८ ॥

Sage Vasishta said:

3.2.1: O Rama, listen to this narrative about Akashaja, which is an ornament to the ears. It is the section concerning the origin (of Existence), through which you will attain understanding.

3.2.2: There was a Brahmin named Akashaja, extremely righteous, always devoted to meditation, and constantly engaged in the welfare of all beings.

3.2.3: When he lived for a long time, Death began to ponder: “I consume all beings in due course, as I am imperishable. Why have I not taken this one?”

3.2.4: “Why do I not consume this Brahmin Akashaja? My power is blunted here, like the edge of a sword striking against a stone.”

3.2.5: Having thus reflected, Death proceeded to the city of Akashaja to take him. Those who are determined never abandon their efforts in performing their duties.

3.2.6: As Death entered Akashaja’s abode, a fire, resembling the conflagration at the end of a cosmic cycle, suddenly arose and began to consume the place.

3.2.7: Piercing through the great garland of flames, Death entered and saw the Brahmin. With great effort, Death stretched out his hand to seize him.

3.2.8: Yet, despite seeing the Brahmin right before him, Death could not grasp him, even with a hundred hands, just as one cannot bind a person born of mere resolve.

Summary of the Teachings:

The opening verse of this section introduces the narrative of Akashaja as a teaching tool for Rama, emphasizing its value as a means to attain spiritual understanding. Sage Vasishta presents this story as an “ornament to the ears,” suggesting its profound beauty and transformative power. The narrative is framed within the context of “Utpatti Prakarana,” the section of the Yoga Vasishta that explores the origin of existence. This sets the stage for a philosophical exploration of life, death, and the nature of Reality, with the promise that understanding this story will lead to deeper wisdom. The choice of Akashaja’s story indicates its significance in illustrating metaphysical Truths, particularly about the nature of the Self and its relationship to mortality.

The second verse describes Akashaja as a highly virtuous Brahmin, wholly dedicated to meditation and the welfare of others. His name, “Akashaja” (born of space), hints at his ethereal or transcendent nature, suggesting that he is not bound by ordinary material existence. His constant engagement in meditation signifies a state of inner absorption, aligning with the yogic ideal of focusing the mind on the Ultimate Reality. His commitment to the welfare of all beings reflects the principle of selfless service, a hallmark of spiritual maturity in Indian philosophy. This portrayal establishes Akashaja as an exemplar of spiritual discipline, whose life transcends the ordinary cycle of birth and death, setting up the central conflict with Death in the subsequent verses.

In verses three and four, Death personified reflects on his inability to take Akashaja, despite consuming all beings in due course. This introduces a key theme: the limitations of Death’s power over one who has transcended worldly attachments. Death’s frustration, likened to a sword’s edge dulled against a stone, symbolizes the invulnerability of a Realized Being. Akashaja’s meditative state and Spiritual Purity render him beyond the grasp of mortality, illustrating the idea that Realization frees one from the cycle of birth and death. This conflict underscores the philosophical distinction between the transient physical body and the Eternal Self, a core teaching of the Yoga Vasishta.

Verses five through seven depict Death’s determined effort to seize Akashaja, only to be thwarted by a cosmic fire and his own inability to grasp the Brahmin. The imagery of the fire, likened to the apocalyptic blaze at the end of a cosmic cycle, symbolizes the destruction of illusion and the purification of Consciousness. Death’s failure to capture Akashaja, despite piercing through the flames, suggests that the Brahmin’s essence is not rooted in the physical or material realm. The narrative uses dramatic imagery to convey the idea that a Realized Being, through the power of meditation and Realization, exists beyond the reach of worldly forces, including Death itself. This reinforces the teaching that True Realization lies in transcending identification with the body and mind.

The final verse encapsulates the central teaching: Akashaja, described as a “sankalpa-purusha” (a person born of resolve), cannot be bound by Death, even with “a hundred hands.” This metaphor highlights the invincibility of one who has Realized the Self as Pure Consciousness, unbound by material limitations. The term “sankalpa-purusha” suggests that Akashaja’s existence is a product of Divine or mental resolve, aligning with the Yoga Vasishta’s non-dual philosophy that reality is a manifestation of Consciousness. The narrative thus teaches that through spiritual discipline and Self-Realization, one can transcend death and duality, attaining a State of Pure Being. Collectively, these verses guide Rama—and the reader—toward understanding the illusory nature of the material world and the Eternal Nature of the Self, encouraging the pursuit of Realization through Knowledge and meditation.

Chapter 3.1, Verses 44–48

Yoga Vashishtha 3.1.44–48

(Universe neither arises nor ceases but exists eternally within Consciousness)

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।

यत्र तत्र स्थितस्यापि कर्पूरादेः सुगन्धिता।

यथोदेति तथा दृश्यं चिद्धातोरुदरे जगत् ॥ ४४ ॥

यथा चात्र तव स्वप्नः संकल्पश्चित्तराज्यधीः ।

स्वानुभूत्यैव दृष्टान्तस्तथा हृद्यस्ति दृश्यभूः ॥ ४५ ॥

तस्माच्चित्तविकल्पस्थपिशाचो बालकं यथा ।

विनिहन्त्येवमप्येतं द्रष्टारं दृश्यरूपिका ॥ ४६ ॥

यथाङ्कुरोऽन्तर्बीजस्य संस्थितो देशकालतः ।

करोति भासुरं देहं तनोत्येवं हि दृश्यधीः ॥ ४७ ॥

द्रव्यस्य हृद्येव चमत्कृतिर्यथा सदोदितास्त्यस्तमितोज्झितोदरे ।

द्रव्यस्य चिन्मात्रशरीरिणस्तथा स्वभावभूतास्त्युदरे जगत्स्थितिः ॥ ४८॥

Sage Vashishta said:

3.1.44: Just as the fragrance of camphor or any other aromatic substance naturally emanates from its source, regardless of where it is placed, so too does the perceived world arise spontaneously within the Essence of Pure Consciousness (Chit). The world, as a manifestation, emerges from the substratum of Consciousness, much like fragrance arises from its material source, without requiring any external effort or cause.

3.1.45: Just as your dreams or mental imaginations, such as the notion of a kingdom in your mind, appear Real due to your own experience, so too does the perceived world exist within the Heart of Consciousness. The world, like a dream, is a projection of the mind’s own nature, appearing vivid and tangible solely due to the power of Consciousness experiencing itself.

3.1.46: Just as a ghost imagined by a child’s mind torments the child due to its own mental fabrication, so too does the perceived world, born of mental modifications, afflict the perceiver. The external world, being a projection of the mind’s fluctuations, binds and disturbs the one who perceives it, much like an imagined fear affects the imaginer.

3.1.47: Just as a sprout lies latent within a seed and, in due course of time and place, manifests as a radiant plant, so too does the Perception of the world arise from the mind’s latent tendencies. The world, as a manifestation of Consciousness, unfolds naturally from the potential inherent within the mind, taking form as the visible Universe.

3.1.48: Just as the wondrous qualities of a substance exist inherently within it, neither arising nor ceasing, but simply being present in its Essence, so too does the world exist within the Nature of Pure Consciousness. The Universe, as an expression of Consciousness, is neither created nor destroyed but abides eternally within the Infinite expanse of Consciousness, which is its True Essence.

Summary of Teachings:

The teachings of these verses from the Yoga Vasishta, a profound philosophical text, center on the non-dualistic understanding of Reality, emphasizing that the world is a projection of Consciousness and lacks independent Existence. In the first verse (3.1.44), the analogy of camphor’s fragrance illustrates that the world arises naturally from Consciousness, just as fragrance emanates effortlessly from its Source. This suggests that the Universe is not a separate entity but an inherent expression of the Infinite Consciousness (Chit), which serves as the substratum of all phenomena. The verse underscores the Vedantic principle that the world is a manifestation within Consciousness, not an external creation, highlighting the Unity between the perceiver and the perceived.

The second verse (3.1.45) deepens this idea by comparing the world to a dream or mental imagination. Just as a dream feels Real to the dreamer due to the mind’s projection, the world appears tangible because of Consciousness experiencing its own modifications. This teaching points to the subjective nature of Reality, where the external world is a construct of the mind’s Perceptions. It invites the seeker to recognize that the vividness of the world, like a dream, is rooted in the power of Consciousness, encouraging a shift from identifying with the external to Realizing the internal Source of all experience.

In the third verse (3.1.46), the metaphor of a child frightened by an imagined ghost illustrates the suffering caused by mistaking mental projections for Reality. The world, as a product of mental fluctuations (vikalpas), binds the individual who perceives it as Real, much like a child is tormented by a self-created fear. This teaching emphasizes the role of Ignorance in creating suffering and bondage. By recognizing that the world is a mental construct, one can begin to dismantle the illusions that cause distress, moving toward Realization through the understanding that the perceiver and the perceived are not separate.

The fourth verse (3.1.47) uses the analogy of a sprout emerging from a seed to explain how the world manifests from the latent potential within Consciousness. Just as a seed contains the blueprint of a plant, Consciousness holds the potential for the Universe, which unfolds in accordance with time and conditions. This teaching highlights the dynamic yet orderly nature of manifestation, where the world is not a random occurrence but an expression of the inherent tendencies within Consciousness. It encourages the seeker to see the world as a natural outcome of Consciousness rather than an independent Reality, fostering a deeper understanding of its illusory nature.

Finally, the fifth verse (3.1.48) reinforces the Eternal and Unchanging Nature of Consciousness as the Source of the world. By comparing the world’s existence to the inherent qualities of a substance, the verse teaches that the Universe neither arises nor ceases but exists eternally within Consciousness, which is its True Essence. This underscores the non-dual perspective that there is no separation between the world and Consciousness, as the latter is the sole Reality. The teachings collectively guide the seeker toward Self-Realization by dissolving the illusion of a separate world, urging Contemplation on the Unity of Consciousness and the transcendence of dualistic Perceptions.

Chapter 3.1, Verses 36–43

Yoga Vashishtha 3.1.36–43

(Persistent challenge posed by the mind’s tendency to create the illusion of the world)

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।

यदि वापि समाधाने निर्विकल्पे स्थितिं व्रजेत् ।

तदक्षयसुषुप्ताभं तन्मन्येतामलं पदम् ॥ ३६ ॥

प्राप्यते सति दृश्येऽस्मिन्न च किंनाम केनचित् ।

यत्र यत्र किलायाति चित्ततास्य जगद्भ्रमः ॥ ३७ ॥

द्रष्टाथ यदि पाषाणरूपतां भावयन्बलात् ।

किलास्ते तत्तदन्तेऽपि भूयोऽस्योदेति दृश्यता ॥ ३८ ॥

न च पाषाणतातुल्या निर्विकल्पसमाधयः ।

केषांचित्स्थितिमायान्ति सर्वैरित्यनुभूयते ॥ ३९ ॥

न च पाषाणतातुल्या रूढिं याताः समाधयः ।

भवन्त्यग्रपदं शान्तं चिद्रूपमजमक्षयम् ॥ ४० ॥

तस्माद्यदीदं सद्दृश्यं तन्न शाम्येत्कदाचन।

शाम्येत्तपोजपध्यानैर्दृश्यमित्यज्ञकल्पना ॥ ४१ ॥

आलीनवल्लरीरूपं यथा पद्माक्षकोटरे ।

आस्ते कमलिनीबीजं तथा द्रष्टरि दृश्यधीः ॥ ४२ ॥

यथा रसः पदार्थेषु यथा तैलं तिलादिषु ।

कुसुमेषु यथाऽऽमोदस्तथा द्रष्टरि दृश्यधीः ॥ ४३ ॥

Sage Vasishta said:

3.1.36:  If one attains a State of unwavering, choice-free absorption (samadhi), that State is akin to an imperishable, deep sleep-like condition. It should be regarded as the Pure, untainted Supreme State.

3.1.37: In the presence of this visible world, nothing is truly attained by anyone. Wherever the mind goes, there arises the delusion of the world due to the mind’s activity.

3.1.38: Even if the Seer forcibly contemplates taking on the form of a stone, the Perception of the visible world persists. At the end of such contemplation, the sense of the visible world re-emerges.

3.1.39: Non-conceptual (nirvikalpa) samadhi States are not comparable to the inertness of a stone. For some, these States lead to a stable condition, as experienced by all.

3.1.40: Samadhi states that are not akin to the inertness of a stone (savikalpa samadhi) and have reached maturity do not lead to the Supreme, Tranquil State of Pure Consciousness, which is unborn and imperishable.

3.1.41: Therefore, if this visible world exists, it can never be completely pacified. The notion that the visible world can be subdued through austerity, chanting, or meditation is a product of Ignorance.

3.1.42: Just as a seed lies latent within the core of a lotus bud, similarly, the Perception of the visible world resides within the Seer.

3.1.43: Just as taste exists in substances, oil in sesame seeds, or fragrance in flowers, so too does the Perception of the visible world reside within the Seer.

Summary of Teachings:

The teachings in these verses from the Yoga Vasishta, as spoken by Sage Vasishta, delve into the nature of the mind, the illusory perception of the world, and the pursuit of True Realization through non-conceptual Awareness. In verse 3.1.36, Vasishta introduces the concept of nirvikalpa samadhi, a state of deep, choice-free absorption where the mind is free from fluctuations and dualities. This State is likened to a profound, imperishable sleep-like condition, yet it transcends ordinary unconsciousness by being a Pure, Untainted state of Consciousness. The verse emphasizes that this State is the Ultimate Goal, representing a direct experience of the Supreme Reality, unclouded by mental constructs or worldly attachments. It sets the stage for the subsequent discussion by establishing the superiority of non-conceptual Awareness over ordinary Perception.

Verses 3.1.37 and 3.1.38 address the persistent challenge posed by the mind’s tendency to create the illusion of the world. Vasishta explains that as long as the mind is active, it projects the world as a Reality, regardless of efforts to transcend it. Even if one attempts to suppress perception by imagining oneself as an inert object like a stone, the delusion of the world re-emerges once the effort ceases. This highlights the tenacity of mental habits and the difficulty of overcoming the world’s apparent Reality through mere intellectual or forced exercises. The teaching underscores that the world’s appearance is a product of the mind’s activity, and True Realization requires addressing the root of this projection rather than temporarily suppressing it.

In verses 3.1.39 and 3.1.40, Vasishta clarifies the distinction between superficial meditative states and the True State of Realization. While some practitioners may achieve temporary States of Stillness akin to the inertness of a stone, these are not equivalent to the profound, non-conceptual samadhi that leads to lasting Realization. The latter is characterized by a mature, stable Realization of Pure Consciousness, which is unborn, imperishable, and Tranquil. These verses caution against mistaking temporary mental stillness for the Ultimate Goal, emphasizing that only a deep, transformative Realization of the Self as Pure Consciousness can lead to the Supreme State. This teaching encourages Discernment in spiritual practice, urging practitioners to seek a State beyond mere cessation of thought.

Verse 3.1.41 further elaborates on the futility of conventional spiritual practices like austerity, chanting, or meditation when approached with the ignorant assumption that they can permanently eliminate the Perception of the world. Vasishta asserts that the visible world, being a projection of the mind, cannot be eradicated as long as the mind operates within the framework of Ignorance. This challenges the practitioner to shift their focus from external practices to an inner transformation that dissolves the false notion of a separate, objective world. The verse emphasizes the need for Self-Inquiry and Wisdom to transcend the illusion, rather than relying solely on ritualistic or effort-based methods.

Finally, verses 3.1.42 and 3.1.43 use vivid metaphors to illustrate the intimate relationship between the Seer and the seen. The Perception of the world is not external to the Seer but resides within them, much like a seed within a lotus bud, oil in sesame seeds, or fragrance in flowers. These analogies highlight that the world’s appearance is inseparable from the Consciousness of the Seer, reinforcing the non-dual perspective that the world is a projection of the mind. The teaching culminates in the insight that lib Realization lies in recognizing the Unity of the Seer and the seen, dissolving the illusion of separation through direct Realization of one’s True Nature as Pure Consciousness. Collectively, these verses guide the seeker toward transcending the mind’s projections and abiding in the Unchanging Reality of the Self.

Chapter 3.1, Verses 28–35

Yoga Vashishtha 3.1.28–35

(Aim for a permanent Realization of the Self as Pure Consciousness)

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।

तस्मादस्ति जगद्दृश्यं तत्प्रमृष्टमिदं मया।

त्यक्तं तपोध्यानजपैरिति काञ्जिकतृप्तिवत् ॥ २८ ॥

यदि राम जगद्दृश्यमस्ति तत्प्रतिबिम्बति।

परमाणूदरेऽप्यस्मिंश्चिदादर्शे तथैव हि ॥ २९ ॥

यत्र तत्र स्थिते यद्वद्दर्पणे प्रतिबिम्बति।

अद्यब्ध्युर्वीनदीवारि चिदादर्शे तथैव हि ॥ ३० ॥

ततस्तत्र पुनर्दुःखं जरा मरणजन्मनी ।

भावाभावग्रहोत्सर्गः स्थूलसूक्ष्मचलाचलः ॥ ३१ ॥

इदं प्रमार्जितं दृश्यं मया चात्राहमास्थितः ।

एतदेवाक्षयं बीजं समाधौ संसृतिस्मृतेः ॥ ३२ ॥

सति त्वस्मिन्कुतो दृश्ये निर्विकल्पसमाधिता ।

समाधौ चेतनत्वं तु तुर्यं चाप्युपपद्यते ॥ ३३ ॥

व्युत्थाने हि समाधानात्सुषुप्तान्त इवाखिलम् ।

जगद्दुःखमिदं भाति यथास्थितमखण्डितम् ॥ ३४ ॥

प्राप्तं भवति हे राम तत्किं नाम समाधिभिः ।

भूयोऽनर्थनिपाते हि क्षणसाम्ये हि किं सुखम् ॥ ३५ ॥

Sage Vasishta said: 

3.1.28: Therefore, the visible world exists, but I have thoroughly examined and wiped it away. It has been abandoned through penance, meditation, and recitation, just as satisfaction arises from eating rice.

3.1.29: O Rama, if the visible world exists, it is merely a reflection. Indeed, just as in the mirror of Consciousness, even within the smallest atom, it appears exactly as such.

3.1.30: Just as a reflection appears in a mirror wherever it is placed, similarly, the waters of rivers, oceans, and earth are reflected in the mirror of Consciousness in the same way.

3.1.31: Thus, in that reflection, there is again suffering, old age, death, and birth. There is the cycle of existence and non-existence, grasping and letting go, gross and subtle, moving and unmoving.

3.1.32: I have wiped away this visible world, and here I remain established. This is the imperishable seed of meditative absorption, the remembrance of the cycle of Existence.

3.1.33: When this exists, how can there be a state of non-conceptual meditation? In deep meditation, the State of Pure Consciousness arises, leading to the fourth state (turiya).

3.1.34: Upon arising from meditative absorption, just as at the end of deep sleep, this world and its suffering appear as they are, unbroken and unchanged.

3.1.35: O Rama, what is gained through meditative states? In the repeated fall into misfortune, what happiness is there in momentary Tranquility?

Summary of  Teachings:

The verses from Yoga Vasishta 3.1.28 to 3.1.35, spoken by Sage Vasishta to Rama, delve into the nature of the perceived world and its relationship with Consciousness, emphasizing the illusory nature of existence and the pursuit of Self-Realization. In verse 28, Vasishta begins by acknowledging the Existence of the visible world but asserts that through spiritual practices such as penance, meditation, and recitation, he has transcended its hold, likening this Realization to the satisfaction derived from eating rice. This sets the stage for a profound teaching: the world, though appearing Real, can be transcended by disciplined introspection and spiritual effort, leading to a state of inner contentment free from worldly attachment.

In verses 29 and 30, Vasishta introduces the metaphor of a mirror to explain the nature of the world as a mere reflection in the mirror of Consciousness. He suggests that just as a mirror reflects objects placed before it, Consciousness reflects the world, including its smallest components like atoms or vast entities like rivers and oceans. This reflection is not the Ultimate Reality but a projection within the Infinite expanse of Consciousness. The teaching here underscores the non-dual philosophy of Advaita Vedanta, where the world is seen as an appearance within Consciousness, lacking independent existence. This insight encourages the seeker to look beyond the apparent Reality of the world and recognize its Source in Pure Consciousness.

Verse 31 elaborates on the consequences of perceiving the world as Real, describing the cycle of suffering that includes birth, death, old age, and the oscillation between existence and non-existence, grasping and releasing, and the gross and subtle aspects of Reality. This cycle is perpetuated by Ignorance, which binds individuals to the illusion of samsara (the cycle of birth and death). Vasishta’s teaching here highlights the futility of being entangled in these dualities and urges the seeker to transcend them by Realizing that they are mere reflections in Consciousness, not the Ultimate Truth. This perspective aligns with the Yoga Vasishta’s emphasis on understanding the illusory nature of phenomena to attain Realization.

In verses 32 and 33, Vasishta speaks of his own Realization, having "wiped away" the illusion of the world through meditation and remaining established in the imperishable seed of Pure Awareness. He explains that true meditative absorption (samadhi) leads to a non-conceptual state where the illusions of the world dissolve, giving way to the "fourth state" (turiya), a transcendent state of Pure Consciousness beyond waking, dreaming, and deep sleep. This teaching emphasizes the transformative power of meditation in uprooting the false perception of the world and establishing the practitioner in a state of Unchanging Awareness, free from the fluctuations of the mind and the cycles of samsara.

Finally, verses 34 and 35 bring a reflective tone, questioning the ultimate value of temporary meditative states. Vasishta points out that upon emerging from meditation, the world and its suffering reappear as they were, much like waking from deep sleep. He challenges Rama to consider what is truly gained through fleeting moments of Tranquility if one continues to fall back into the cycle of suffering. This culminates in a call to seek lasting Realization rather than temporary respite, urging the practitioner to aim for a permanent Realization of the Self as Pure Consciousness, beyond the transient experiences of the world. These verses collectively guide the seeker toward a profound understanding of Reality, encouraging a shift from attachment to the illusory world to the Eternal Truth of the Self.

Chapter 3.1, Verses 21–27

Yoga Vashishtha 3.1.21–27

(True Realization requires deep Inquiry into the Nature of Reality)

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।

बन्धस्य तावद्रूपं त्वं कथ्यमानमिदं श्रृणु ।

ततः स्वरूपं मोक्षस्य ज्ञास्यसीन्दुनिभानन ॥ २१ ॥

द्रष्टुर्दृश्यस्य सत्ताङ्ग बन्ध इत्यभिधीयते ।

द्रष्टा दृश्यबलाद्बद्धो दृश्याभावे विमुच्यते ॥ २२ ॥

जगत्त्वमहमित्यादिर्मिथ्यात्मा दृश्यमुच्यते ।

यावदेतत्संभवति तावन्मोक्षो न विद्यते ॥ २३ ॥

नेदं नेदमिति व्यर्थप्रलापैर्नोपशाम्यति।

संकल्पजनकैर्दृश्यव्याधिः प्रत्युत वर्धते ॥ २४ ॥

न च तर्कभरक्षोदैर्न तीर्थनियमादिभिः।

सतो दृश्यस्य जगतो यस्मादेति विचारकाः ॥ २५ ॥

जगद्दृश्यं तु यद्यस्ति न शाम्यत्येव कस्यचित् ।

नासतो विद्यते भावो नाभावो विद्यते सतः ॥ २६ ॥

अचेत्यचित्स्वरूपात्मा यत्र यत्रैव तिष्ठति ।

द्रष्टा तत्रास्य दृश्यश्रीः समुदेत्यप्यणूदरे ॥ २७ ॥

Sage Vasishta said: 

3.1.21: Listen carefully as I explain the nature of bondage. Once you understand this, O moon-faced one (Rama), you will also comprehend the True Nature of Realization.

3.1.22: Bondage is defined as the existence of the relationship between the Seer (the observer) and the seen (the observed). The Seer becomes bound due to the influence of the seen, but when the seen ceases to exist, the Seer is Realized.

3.1.23: The notion of "I," "you," or "the world" constitutes the seen, which is inherently false. As long as these false perceptions persist, Realization cannot be attained.

3.1.24: The affliction of the seen, which arises from mental constructs, is not pacified by futile arguments or meaningless prattle. On the contrary, such delusions only intensify the disease of false Perception.

3.1.25: Neither through excessive logical analysis, nor through pilgrimages, rituals, or austerities, can the Reality of the seen—the world—be resolved, for it arises from the mind’s misconceptions.

3.1.26: As long as the seen, the world, is perceived as Real, no one can find Peace. The unreal has no True Existence, and the Real never ceases to be.

3.1.27: Wherever the Self, which is of the Nature of Pure Consciousness, exists, the splendor of the seen arises, even in the subtlest form, due to the interplay of the Seer and the seen.

Summary of Teachings: 

The teachings of these verses from the Yoga Vasishta, as expounded by Sage Vasishta to Rama, focus on the nature of bondage and the path to Realization, rooted in the Advaita Vedanta philosophy. In verse 3.1.21, Vasishta begins by setting the stage for a profound explanation of bondage, promising that understanding it will lead to an understanding of Realization. The term “moon-faced one” reflects the affectionate and respectful tone used to address Rama, emphasizing his readiness to receive this Wisdom. This introductory verse establishes the framework for the subsequent discussion, highlighting the importance of discerning the root cause of suffering to attain Freedom.

In verses 3.1.22 and 3.1.23, Vasishta defines bondage as the relationship between the Seer (the individual Self, or jiva) and the seen (the objects of Perception, including the world, body, and ego). This relationship is illusory because the seen is rooted in mithya (false perception). The notion of “I,” “you,” or “the world” arises from Ignorance (avidya), which creates a false sense of separation. Bondage occurs when the Seer identifies with these false Perceptions, mistaking them for Reality. Realization, therefore, is the dissolution of this illusory relationship, achieved when the seen is recognized as unreal, freeing the Seer from its influence.

Verses 3.1.24 and 3.1.25 elaborate on the futility of superficial methods to overcome bondage. Vasishta warns that intellectual debates, logical arguments, rituals, pilgrimages, or austerities cannot eradicate the false Perception of the world. These external practices fail because they do not address the root cause—the mind’s tendency to project false constructs (sankalpa). Instead, such activities may reinforce the illusion by engaging the mind further in dualistic thinking. True Realization requires a deeper inquiry (vichara) into the Nature of Reality, which transcends ritualistic or intellectual approaches and focuses on uprooting the misconception of the seen.

Verse 3.1.26 introduces a key philosophical principle: the unreal (the seen, or the world) has no True Existence, while the Real (the Self, or Pure Consciousness) is Eternal and Unchanging. This echoes the Advaita Vedanta teaching that only Brahm, the Ultimate Reality, is Real, while the world, as a projection of the mind, lacks independent Existence. As long as one perceives the world as Real, peace remains elusive. This verse underscores the necessity of shifting perception from the transient to the Eternal, recognizing that the world’s apparent Reality is a product of Ignorance and that True Peace lies in Realizing the non-dual nature of the Self.

Finally, verse 3.1.27 emphasizes the Omnipresence of the Self as Pure Consciousness, which is the substratum of all experience. Wherever Consciousness exists, the illusion of the seen arises due to the interplay of the Seer and the seen. Even the subtlest perception of duality creates the appearance of the world. This verse points to the need for Self-Inquiry to dissolve this duality, Realizing that the Self alone exists, and the seen is merely a projection. Collectively, these verses guide the seeker toward Realization by encouraging Discernment (viveka) and Inquiry into the Nature of the Self, which is free from the illusory bondage of the seen.

Chapter 3.1, Verses 16–20

Yoga Vashishtha 3.1.16–20

(The world is a projection of the mind within the Infinite Consciousness of Brahm) 

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।

तत्स्वयं स्वैरमेवाशु संकल्पयति नित्यशः।

तेनेत्थमिन्द्रजालश्रीर्विततेयं वितन्यते ॥ १६ ॥

यथा कटकशब्दार्थः पृथक्त्वार्हो न काञ्चनात् ।

न हेम कटकात्तद्वज्जगच्छब्दार्थता परे ॥ १७ ॥

ब्रह्मण्येवास्त्यनन्तात्म यथास्थितमिदं जगत् ।

न जगच्छब्दकार्थेऽस्ति हेम्नीव कटकात्मता ॥ १८ ॥

सती वाप्यसती तापनद्येव लहरी चला ।

मनसेहेन्द्रजालश्रीर्जागती प्रवितन्यते ॥ १९ ॥

अविद्या संसृतिर्बन्धो माया मोहो महत्तमः ।

कल्पितानीति नामानि यस्याः सकलवेदिभिः ॥ २० ॥

Sage Vashishta said:

3.1.16: The Supreme Self, of its own free will, constantly conceives and manifests this Universe instantaneously. Through this act of Divine imagination, the grandeur of the world, like a magical illusion, is spread out and appears as if extended in Reality.

3.1.17: Just as the concept of a bracelet is not separate from the gold from which it is made, yet the bracelet’s form is distinct, so too the concept of the world is not separate from the Supreme Reality. The world, like the bracelet, is not apart from the Essence of Brahm, the Ultimate Reality.

3.1.18: The Infinite Self exists within Brahm, and this world exists as it is within that Infinite Reality. However, just as the form of a bracelet does not exist independently in the gold, the concept of the world as a separate entity has no independent existence apart from Brahm.

3.1.19: Whether the world is considered Real or unreal, it is like a fleeting wave in the ocean of Consciousness, stirred by the heat of Ignorance. This world, appearing as a magical illusion, is projected and spread out by the mind’s imagination.

3.1.20: Ignorance is given various names by the Knowers of Truth, such as samsara (cycle of birth and death), bondage, illusion (maya), delusion, and great darkness. These are all conceptual labels for the same phenomenon, which is imagined by the mind.

Summary of the Teachings:

The teachings of these verses from the Yoga Vasishta, as spoken by Sage Vasishta, center on the non-dual nature of Reality and the illusory nature of the world as perceived by the mind. In verse 3.1.16, Vasishta introduces the idea that the Universe is a manifestation of the Supreme Self’s spontaneous act of imagination. This act is not bound by time or external causation but arises freely and instantaneously from the Divine Consciousness. The world, described as a grand illusion akin to a magician’s trick, appears Real to the perceiver but is ultimately a projection of the Supreme Self. This sets the stage for understanding the world as a product of Divine Will, not an independent entity, emphasizing the Advaita Vedanta principle of non-duality where all phenomena arise from and dissolve into the same Ultimate Reality.

The analogy of the gold and the bracelet in verses 3.1.17 and 3.1.18 further elucidates this non-dual perspective. The world, like a bracelet made of gold, appears to have a distinct form and identity, but its essence is inseparable from the Supreme Reality (Brahm). The bracelet does not exist as a separate entity apart from the gold; similarly, the world has no independent existence apart from Brahm. These verses underscore that the multiplicity and diversity of the world are mere appearances, like forms shaped from a single substance. The Infinite Self, residing in Brahm, encompasses the world as it is, yet the world’s apparent separateness is an illusion, lacking inherent Reality. This teaching encourages the seeker to look beyond superficial distinctions and recognize the underlying Unity of all Existence.

Verse 3.1.19 delves into the nature of the world’s appearance, likening it to a wave in the ocean of Consciousness. 

Whether perceived as Real or unreal, the world is transient and arises due to the “heat” of Ignorance, which stirs the mind into projecting this illusory Reality. The metaphor of the wave suggests that the world is not a permanent or substantial entity but a momentary fluctuation within the Infinite Consciousness. The use of the term “magical illusion” reinforces the idea that the world’s existence is dependent on the mind’s perception, much like a mirage that appears Real but vanishes upon closer inspection. This teaching invites introspection into the role of the mind in creating and sustaining the perception of a separate world, urging the seeker to transcend this illusion through Self-Awareness.

In verse 3.1.20, Vasishta addresses the concept of Ignorance, which is the root cause of the perceived world and its associated suffering. 

Ignorance is given various names—samsara, bondage, maya, delusion, and great darkness—indicating its multifaceted impact on human experience. These terms, coined by the Wise, point to the same underlying truth: the world and its cycles of birth, death, and suffering are mental constructs, not Ultimate Realities. By labeling Ignorance with these terms, the Knowers of Truth highlight its deceptive nature, which binds the individual to a false sense of separation from the Supreme Reality. This verse emphasizes the importance of recognizing ignorance as the source of all dualistic perceptions and encourages the seeker to pursue Knowledge to dissolve these misconceptions.

Collectively, these verses guide the spiritual aspirant toward Realizing the non-dual nature of existence, where the world is a projection of the mind within the Infinite Consciousness of Brahm. By using metaphors like the gold and bracelet, the wave in the ocean, and the magical illusion, Vasishta conveys that the world’s apparent Reality is a product of Ignorance, which can be transcended through Wisdom and Self-Inquiry. The teachings challenge the seeker to shift their perspective from the external, fragmented world to the Inner, unified Reality of the Self. By understanding that the world and its multiplicity are not separate from Brahm, one can attain liberation from the cycle of samsara and Realize the Eternal Truth of non-duality, which is the core message of Advaita Vedanta as expounded in the Yoga Vasishta.